SPECTRUM OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS IN SOUTH INDIA: ENDOSCOPIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS- A SINGLE CENTRE RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
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Objective: This study aims to explore endoscopic and histopathological findings of gastrointestinal cancers in South India, emphasizing different subtypes and clinicopathological features. It also investigates underlying mechanisms, contributing factors, and risk factors specific to the South Indian population. The role of endoscopy in the early detection of gastrointestinal cancer is emphasized. Materials & Methods: This retrospective study analyzed endoscopic biopsy data of 100 patients at the Department of Gastroenterology, Meenakshi Medical College and Research Institute, Kanchipuram. Inclusion criteria covered suspected gastrointestinal cancer cases that underwent endoscopic procedures and biopsies. Biopsy specimens were processed, and tumors were classified based on WHO's gastrointestinal tumour histological classification. Results: Of the 100 cases, 27% were esophageal, 52% gastric, 3% duodenal, and 18% colorectal cancers. Esophageal cancer was predominantly squamous cell carcinoma (77%) located in the middle third of the esophagus (59%). Gastric cancer showed male predominance (M: F = 6.4:1) with advanced adenocarcinoma in the pylorus (62%), cardia, and fundus (33% each). Colorectal cancer primarily occurred in the rectosigmoid (66%), followed by the sigmoid colon and ascending colon (17% each). Conclusion: This study highlights the distribution of gastrointestinal cancers in South India, with adenocarcinoma being the most prevalent histopathological subtype. Endoscopic findings were consistent with histopathological results, reaffirming the value of biopsy as a diagnostic complement to endoscopy. Further studies, including multicenter research, are essential to gain comprehensive insights into gastrointestinal cancers in rural regions of South India. Understanding clinicopathological patterns will aid in early detection and treatment, enhancing patient management and outcomes.
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