EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF EXTRACELLULAR MICRORNA-223-5p LEVELS IN PLASMA, SALIVA AND GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE: A CASE – CONTROL ANALYSIS
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Background Periodontal disease is distinguished by an aberrant host response to oral pathogens, leading to soft and hard tooth-supporting tissue inflammation. MicroRNAs are minute, single-stranded, highly dynamic biomolecules that control gene expression and regulate Protein synthesis and functioning. Periodontal pathogenesis is associated with microRNA dysregulation. Accordingly, the proposed study will evaluate the extracellular circulating microRNA-223-5p in the Plasma, Saliva, and Gingival crevicular fluid of patients with Periodontal disease. Materials and Methods The research population comprised fifty healthy individuals and fifty periodontitis patients. The clinical parameters of each participant were documented. Under sterile conditions, blood, saliva, and Gingival crevicular fluid were collected and stored at -800 Celsius. MicroRNA was isolated using microRNA extraction kits in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and the expression pattern of mir-223-5p in body fluids was analyzed using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results Expression of circulating extracellular microRNA-223-5p is elevated (p 0.05) in Plasma, Saliva, and GCF by a fold of 2.511, 8.072, and 10.46, respectively. The clinical parameters Clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depth correlated significantly and positively with an increase in miR-223-5p expression (p 0.05). According to a ROC analysis, MicroRNA-223-5p may be a viable biomarker for periodontal disease, with a diagnostic accuracy of 84.50%. Conclusion In conclusion, extracellular microRNA-223-5p detected in Plasma, Saliva, and Gingival crevicular fluid can be a reliable biomarker for periodontal disease. Extracellular microRNAs may be employed as periodontal disease detectors, predictors of therapy response, and customized therapeutic modalities based on microRNAs because of their exceptional stability in body fluids.
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