“SHORT TERM OUTCOME OF EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, KOLKATA”

Abstract

Objective: Within last few decades the discipline of neonatology has progressed significantly. However, research on morbidity and survival of ELBW infants were mostly done in the developed countries. Data have been sparse to show the “trends in mortality and morbidity rates among ELBW infant” in developing countries like India. This study have been conducted to determine different mortality and morbidity pattern in extremely low birth weight babies and to access different kind of supportive intervention required in these babies. Methods: Study was conducted in the nursery of R. G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata from July 2019 to December 2020. The background characteristics of ELBW neonates were noted. All complications were monitored closely and managed accordingly. Relevant information thus obtained were recorded and analysed. Results: 58.2% of the study subjects had birth weight above 900 grams. 59.1% of the ELBWs died. Proportion of death was higher among 28 weeks of gestational age compared to ≥28 weeks of gestational age (80.8% vs 53.7%). The distribution among the groups was found to be statistically significant (p.05). 70% of the babies had neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and all of them needed surfactant . In 31.8% of the study subjects apnoea was observed..66% of the study subjects had sepsis. Majority (64.5%) of them required moist oxygen. Conclusion: The most effective care for ELBW infants is best ensured through the implementation of standardized protocols and collaborative support across various disciplines. However, the optimal way to care for these infants continues to be determined by ongoing research.