PREVALENCE OF ANEMIA AND ITS CLINICAL CORRELATES IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN JORDAN
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Keywords
Prevalence Anemia, Clinical Correlates, Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Medical Services.
Abstract
Background: Anemia is a common but often unacknowledged condition in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and has previously been associated with poor outcomes through the mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In Jordan, limited data exist regarding the burden of anemia and its clinical correlates. This study aimed to estimate anemia prevalence and its associations amongst adult patients with T2DM at different hospitals in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study of adults with confirmed T2DM (n=500) using secondary data from multiple relevant publications focusing on random hospitals in Jordan. Data were obtained via a structured questionnaire and a review of medical records with collection of the following variables: demographic details, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, medications, renal function, and hemoglobin levels. Findings: The overall prevalence of anemia was 28.2%, with slightly higher rates in females (30.5%) than males (26.5%), though the difference was not significant. Anemia prevalence rose markedly with worsening CKD, from 5.6% in stage G1 to 626 91.7% in stage G5 (p0.001). Multivariable regression confirmed CKD stage as the strongest independent predictor of anemia (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.50–2.43, p0.001). Other factors, including age, sex, BMI, HbA1c, and insulin use, were not independently associated, while diabetes duration showed a borderline association. Conclusions: Anemia is relatively common in patients with T2DM, with prevalence strongly linked to CKD progression. Integrating routine anemia screening and timely management into diabetes care is recommended, especially for patients with impaired renal function.
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