STUDY OF SERUM ADENOSINE DEAMINASE AND IFN-Γ LEVELS: A BIPHASIC IMMUNE RESPONSE MODEL IN COVID-19 PATIENTS.
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Keywords
covid-19, ADA, IFN-γ
Abstract
Background: SARS CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection spread worldwide, leading to the covid-19 pandemic between 2019 and 2021. There is an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. As a counterimmune response, there is activation of type 2 helper T cells (IL-4 & IL-10) to suppress inflammation. Initiating an abnormal excessive immune response is associated with a cytokine storm. Aims and objectives: To estimate serum ADA and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in covid-19 patients. To compare ADA and interferon-γ between ICU and non-ICU patients. To find correlation between ADA and interferon-γ. Materials & Methods: The study group comprised ILI, SARI and pneumonia cases. A total of 79 patients were included in the study group. Based on the severity of disease at the time of admission patients were divided into ICU and non-ICU patients. There were 54 patients in the non-ICU category and 25 patients in the ICU category. Results: Serum ADA level was raised compared to the normal range. There was a significant elevation in ADA levels in non-ICU admitted patients compared to ICU patients. (p0.05). Findings of our study revealed an increase in IFN-γ levels in covid-19 patients. The rise in ICU patients was more than non-ICU patients. Conclusion: In ICU-admitted covid-19 patients IFN-γ levels were elevated, indicating a response to immune activation. IFN-γ levels can be useful in diagnosing severe covid-19. A raised serum ADA level of more than 24 U/L indicates an adequate immunological response. ADA levels can be used to monitor patients response to treatment.
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