CORRELATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS WITH FACIAL MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
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Keywords
Facial Parameters, Diabetes, Bone Mineral Density, Osteoporosis, Skeletal fragility.
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the diseases that is spreading the fastest in the world, as is widely known. Diabetes is known to cause adverse effects on the body, such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neurological disorders, and visual impairment. Diabetes can potentially have detrimental effects on the bones, such as changed durability of bones and/or microstructure and/or reduced bone density. Globally, diabetes mellitus and low-trauma fractures associated with diabetes are the leading causes of morbidity and early death. Male and female bone loss at many skeletal locations is linked to type 1 diabetes. Conversely, type 2 diabetes is linked to decreased bone strength and fracture risk but does not necessarily correspond to bone loss. Regardless of having a significant impact on bone health, research on diabetes has not kept up. Therefore, it is necessary to give this subject greater consideration. In this review study, we compare the facial parameters of people with diabetes and those without diabetes. We also investigate the possibility that osteoporosis is caused by diabetes. Relevant data were gathered for this review study from a variety of journals and databases, indicating an association between diabetes and bone health. The outcome of this study indicates that diabetes has a strong impact on bone health and skeletal fragility. Similarly, this review also reveals that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are more prone to osteoporosis and fracture compared to normal individuals, in spite of different pathological mechanisms.
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References
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