AGRICULTURE WASTE TO VALUABLE RESOURCE: COCOA POD HUSK-DERIVED ACTIVATED CARBON (ACCPH) FOR SUSTAINABLE DYE ADSORPTION
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Keywords
Adsorption; Cocoa pod husk; Dyes; Activated charcoal; Adsorption isotherm; Thermodynamics of adsorption.
Abstract
The adsorption of industrially significant dyes congo red, xylene fast yellow 2G, anazolene trisodium, direct violet and malachite green onto the activated charcoal derived from cocoa pod husk (ACCPH) in aqueous solution was investigated. The study explored the impact of the amount of adsorbent, pH, contact time and temperature on the adsorption behaviour of these dyes. Notably, it was observed that the adsorption of all dyes on activated charcoal declined with increasing pH and temperature. Adsorption isotherms at different temperatures exhibited an L-type pattern. The experimental data was fittingly analysed using Freundlich, BET, and Langmuir isotherms, allowing the calculation of various adsorption parameters. The optimum temperature for dye adsorption was observed at 298K for 35 minutes with an ACCPH concentration of 0.02g/L. Thermodynamic parameters, including ∆G, ∆H and ∆S, were computed by examining the linear relationship between ln K (adsorption coefficient from Langmuir equation) and the reciprocal of temperature (1/T). The calculated values for the heat of adsorption and free energy suggested that the adsorption of dyes is more favourable at lower temperatures, and the interaction between the dyes and ACCPH involves chemisorption. These findings provide valuable insights into the adsorption mechanisms and behaviour of these dyes on activated charcoal derived from cocoa pod husk, contributing to understanding sustainable approaches for dye removal from aqueous environments.
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