RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE INCIDENCE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION IN OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGICAL SURGERIES IN MINIA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN EGYPT

Abstract

Background In obstetrics and gynecology, the most common microorganisms causing SSI are a mix of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, typically originating from the skin and the vaginal tract flora. Objective: Identify risk variables in the event of SSI. Methods: This is a retrospective study that was conducted at Minia Maternity Egypt's University Hospital a tertiary referral facility., over five years from January 2017 to December 2021. 25,725 cases had undergone various obstetric (17,661 cases of Cesarean section) and gynecological surgeries (8,064 cases). Out of the total cases, 1425 were complicated with SSI(1095 for Cesarean sections, 330 for gynecological cases). These cases were categorized as the SSI group for the study. Each SSI case was paired with one control case (selected on the operation day) from the remaining cases to form the control group (n=1425 cases). Factors contributing to SSI were investigated and categorized into demographic characteristics and perioperative variables. We gathered data from medical records and conducted univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results: Out of 25725 obstetric and gynecological cases, 1425 developed (SSI) during the time spent studying, resulting in an incidence rate overall of 5.5%. Specifically, 1095 cases were Cesarean sections, representing 6.2% of the total Cesarean cases, and 330 cases were gynecological representing 4.1% of the total gynecological cases. There were no notable variations. found between the SSI and control groups in terms of age (P=0.34), residence (P=0.26), and parity (P=0.26). BMI was considerably higher in the SSI group compared to the control group, with means of 29.9 and 25.0 respectively (p0.001). The study found a substantial association between SSI and diabetes mellitus, with 71.6% in the SSI group and 37.9% in the control group (p≤0.001, OR=4.1 and 1.4 respectively). Findings: The study discovered numerous risk factors in obstetrics and gynecology for (SSI) procedures at a tertiary rural hospital in Egypt. Some of the risk variables mentioned can be modified through actions. The many risk factors discovered in this study can assist in categorizing the possibility of infections at the surgery site and determining which interventions should be prioritized in countries of low to medium income.