METHODS FOR EFFECTIVELY RESOLVING THE IMPACT OF PRACTICE ON LONGITUDINAL STUDIES OF COGNITIVE AGEING
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Beginning with the COVID-19 pandemic, the integration of practice effects (PEs) into models of cognitive change has become substantially more complicated. This is because the estimation of cognitive trajectory is susceptible to bias due to the introduction of period and mode effects. We compared the association between grasp strength and cognitive decline, as well as predicted cognitive trajectories, in three prospective cohorts of Kaiser Permanente Northern California. We accomplished this by employing the subsequent three methodologies: 1) failure to acknowledge PE; 2) incorporation of a wave indicator; and 3) limitation of PE via a subset of data preliminary model (APM) fit. The gap between within-person and between-person estimated age effects was minimised by an APM-based correction for PEs utilising balanced, pre-pandemic data and the present age as the timescale. The methodology utilised did not exhibit any sensitivity in the estimated associations between gripping strength and cognitive decline. Discussion: The utilisation of a preliminary model to limit PEs is a flexible and pragmatic approach that allows for substantial analysis of cognitive transformation.
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