MONOGENIC FORMS OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY: A REVIEW
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Keywords
Pediatrics, genetics, childhood, obesity
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become a notable health concern in the world. According to American Medical Association, obesity is defined as having a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2. Childhood obesity is clas- sified into three main categories, polygenic obesity, which is the most common form; followed by monogenic obesity, which is rare; and non-syndromic obesity. The management of childhood obesity is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. For monogenic obesity, several treatment options have been investi- gated. Long-term body weight maintenance is challenging. This review aimed to provide an overview of mono- genic obesity, its mechanisms, evaluation, and treatment options. Monogenic forms of childhood obesity are rare. However, early diagnosis using whole-exome sequencing is needed to identify the causes of obesity and its associated anomalies for subsequent treatment. In addition, the early initiation of a multidisciplinary man- agement approach is essential to prevent long-term morbidity and mortality. Several new treatment options have recently emerged, which could, in combination with lifestyle modifications, provide a favorable outcome for patients with non-syndromic forms of obesity.
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