THE WELL-BEING OF NURSES IN SAUDI ARABIA: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Main Article Content
Keywords
quality; nurse; life; work; QNWL
Abstract
Quality of working life (QWL) is a multi-dimensional concept that reflects a worker's satisfaction with various areas of their work life. Nurses' quality of working life is considered crucial for better health care as it directly affects their job happiness and, consequently, their job performance. To enhance working conditions in Saudi Arabia, it is essential to study and investigate the experiences of nurses in their workplace.Objective: This study aimed to examine the correlation between demographic factors and the quality of work life (QNWL) of nurses in Saudi Arabia, and to evaluate the QNWL of Saudi Arabian nurses.The study utilised the Brooks Quality of Nursing Work Life Survey as its methodological instrument. The design was cross-sectional. Nurses around the Saudi Arabian monarchy received it.The study's findings indicate that 860 nurses participated. The individuals exhibited moderate to high levels of QNWL, with a mean total score of 174.5 +/- 30.3. The work environment received the greatest score (4.29) for nurses' performance, but the work design component received the lowest score (3.92). Nurses' opinions of work life quality were influenced by their nation, salary, shift duration, presence of a dependent individual, and if family members accompanied them.A statistical analysis showed an association between QNWL and participant demographic characteristics such as country, salary, presence of family with the nurse, having an independent child, spouse, or parents, and shift duration. This discovery is a novel addition to the current investigation. Instead of solely using work satisfaction metrics to improve nurse retention and turnover rates, regulatory bodies can utilise the comprehensive findings of this study to create plans that boost both satisfaction and performance.
Downloads
References
1. Hsu, M.-Y.; Kernohan, G. Dimensions of hospital nurses’ quality of working life. J. Adv. Nurs. 2006, 54, 120–131. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 2. Brooks, B.A.; Anderson, M.A. Nursing Work Life in Acute Care. J. Nurs. Care Qual. 2004, 19, 269–275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 3. Lees, M.; Kearns, S. Improving Work Life Quality: A Diagnostic Approach Model; Improving work life quality: A diagnostic approach model Healthcare quality; Lees, M., Kearns, S., Eds.; Longwoods Publishing: Toronto, ON, Canada, 2005. [Google Scholar] 4. Brooks, B.A.; Storfjell, J.; Omoike, O.; Ohlson, S.; Stemler, I.; Shaver, J.; Brown, A. Assessing the Quality of Nursing Work Life. Nurs. Adm. Q. 2007, 31, 152–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 5. Brooks, B.A.; Anderson, M.A. Defining quality of nursing work life. Nurs. Econ. 2005, 23, 319–326. [Google Scholar] 6. Winasih, R.; Nursalam, N.; Kurniawati, N.D. Cultural Organization and Quality of Nursing Work Life on Nurses Performance and Job Satisfaction in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. J. NERS 2015, 10, 332–342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 7. Prasad, M. An evaluation of the quality of work life: A study of the public sector nurses in West Bengal. Asian J. Nurs. Educ. Res. 2016, 6, 199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 8. Salahat, M.F.; Al-Hamdan, Z.M. Quality of nursing work life, job satisfaction, and intent to leave among Jordanian nurses: A descriptive study. Heliyon 2022, 8, e09838. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 9. Suleiman, K.; Hijazi, Z.; Al Kalaldeh, M.; Abu Sharour, L. Quality of nursing work life and related factors among emergency nurses in Jordan. J. Occup. Health 2019, 61, 398–406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 10. Viselita, F.; Handiyani, H.; Pujasari, H. Quality level of nursing work life and improvement interventions: Systematic review. Enfermería Clínica 2019, 29, 223–228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 11. Khani, A.; Jaafarpour, M.; Dyrekvandmogadam, A. Quality of Nursing Work Life. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2008, 2, 1169–1174. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 12. Saudi Ministry of Health. Statistical Yearbook. 2021. Available online: https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/Ministry/Statistics/book/Pages/default.aspx (accessed on 5 September 2022). 13. Alluhidan, M.; Tashkandi, N.; Alblowi, F.; Omer, T.; Alghaith, T.; Alghodaier, H.; Alazemi, N.; Tulenko, K.; Herbst, C.H.; Hamza, M.M.; et al. Challenges and policy opportunities in nursing in Saudi Arabia. Hum. Resour. Health 2020, 18, 98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] 14. Almalki, M.J.; FitzGerald, G.; Clark, M. The relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention of primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2012, 12, 314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version] 15. Alharbi, M.F.; Alahmadi, B.A.; Alali, M.; Alsaedi, S. Quality of nursing work life among hospital nurses in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. J. Nurs. Manag. 2019, 27, 1722–1730. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] 16. Von Elm, E.; Altman, D.G.; Egger, M.; Pocock, S.J.; Gotzsche, P.C.; Vandenbroucke, J.P. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int. J. Surg. 2014, 12, 1495–1499. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version] 17. Brooks, B.A. Development of an Instrument to Measure Quality of Nurses’ Worklife. 2019. Available online: https://sigma.nursingrepository.org/handle/10755/19226 (accessed on 2 July 2022). 18. Utami, U.; Kusnanto, H.; Riyono, B.; Alim, S. Validity and Reliability of Quality of Nursing Work Life Instrument for Hospital Nurses. J. Ners. 2019, 13, 227–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version] 19. Lee, Y.-W.; Dai, Y.-T.; McCreary, L.L.; Yao, G.; Brooks, B.A. Psychometric properties of the Chinese-version Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale. Nurs. Health Sci. 2014, 16, 298–306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 20. Almalki, M.J.; FitzGerald, G.; Clark, M. Quality of work life among primary health care nurses in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Hum. Resour. Health 2012, 10, 30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version] 21. Suresh, D. Quality of Nursing Work Life among nurses working in selected government and private hospitals in Thiruvananthapuram. Ph.D. Thesis, SCTIMST, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Kerala, India, 2013. [Google Scholar] 22. Frey, B.S. Economics of Happiness, 1st ed.; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2018; pp. 14–16. [Google Scholar] 23. Javanmardnejad, S.; Bandari, R.; Heravi-Karimooi, M.; Rejeh, N.; Nia, H.S.; Montazeri, A. Happiness, quality of working life, and job satisfaction among nurses working in emergency departments in Iran. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 2021, 19, 112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 24. Moxham, L.J.; Fernandez, R.; Kim, B.; Lapkin, S.; Ham-Baloyi, W.T.; Al Mutair, A. Employment as a predictor of mental health, psychological distress, anxiety and depression in Australian pre-registration nursing students. J. Prof. Nurs. 2018, 34, 502–506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 25. Al Mutair, A.; Al Mutairi, A.; Ambani, Z.; Shamsan, A.; AlMahmoud, S.; Alhumaid, S. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the level of depression among health care workers: Cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2021, 9, e11469. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 26. Venkataraman, S.; Anbazhagan, S.; Anbazhagan, S. Quality of nursing work life among staff nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry. Int. J. Community Med. Public Health 2018, 5, 3853–3859. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 27. Goodell, T.T.; Coding, H.V.E. Outcomes of Nurses? Job Satisfaction. JONA J. Nurs. Adm. 1994, 24, 36–41. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 28. Iaffaldano, M.T.; Muchinsky, P.M. Job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Psychol. Bull. 1985, 97, 251–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 29. Organ, D.W. A Restatement of the Satisfaction-Performance Hypothesis. J. Manag. 1988, 14, 547–557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Copyright and Permission to Reproduce Parts of Published Papers.
Authors retain the copyright for their published work. No formal permission will be required to reproduce parts (tables or illustrations) of published papers, provided the source is quoted appropriately and reproduction has no commercial intent. Reproductions with commercial intent will require written permission and payment of royalties.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.