ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL THERAPISTS IN FIGHTING BAD LIFE STYLE OF THE TYPE 2 DIABETES EPIDEMIC PATIENTS ATTENDING PRIMARY HEALTHCARE CENTERS IN MAKKAH CITY, SAUDI ARABIA IN 2022
Main Article Content
Keywords
Type 2 Diabetes, Physical therapist, Fighting, bad, life style, PHC, Makkah City.
Abstract
Background Over the past decade the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased markedly. People worldwide had diabetes 1 and by 2000 this fi gure increased to an estimated 171 million people worldwide. Furthermore, this upward trend is predicted to continue or even accelerate over the coming decades, with conservative estimates projecting that by 2030 the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes will exceed 350 million, and that it will be the seventh leadingcause of death worldwide. Worldwide, 6% of the populations are affected by diabetes mellitus and the projection for the year 2030 is 438 million. With Saudi Arabia countries suffering the bulk of the total diabetes epidemic, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is among the countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (23.1%). Medical Physical Therapists is an important aspect of diabetes care, there is an increasing awareness of Physical Therapists diabetes control also nutritional therapy breakfast skipping, late dinner and meal contents on diabetes control. Aim of the study: To Assessment of the Role of Physical Therapists in Fighting bad life style of the Type 2 Diabetes Epidemic patients attending primary healthcare centers in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia in 2022 Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at among the Type 2 Diabetes Epidemic patients attending primary healthcare centers in Makkah City in 2022. This commentary, describes the type 2 diabetes epidemic and the health impact of diabetes type 2 and diabetes-related complications, highlights the physical therapists, role fighting bad life style as frontline provider. Our total participants were (200 ) Results: the most of the participants (29.0%) were in the age group < 40 years, the gender the majority of them were male (67.0%) while Nationality the majority of participant are Saudi were(87.0%), also regarding level of education the majority of participant are Intermediate school were(34.0%), regarding Job the majority of participant are Professional worker were(32.0%), marital status the majority of participant are married were (55.0%). Conclusion Patients with type 2 diabetes highlights the physical therapist’s role as front-line provider, and provides recommendations for physical therapists in screening for diabetes risk factors and diabetes-related complications and considerations for patient management. We focus on type 2 diabetes.
Downloads
References
1. Wang, H., Lu, Y., Yan, Y., Tian, S., Zheng, D., Leng, D., ... & Bai, Y. (2020). Promising treatment for type 2 diabetes: fecal microbiota transplantation reverses insulin resistance and impaired islets. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 9, 455. 2. Higuita-Gutiérrez, L. F., Quiroz, W. D. J. M., & Cardona-Arias, J. A. (2020). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with sociodemographic characteristics in participants of a public chronic disease control program in Medellin, Colombia, in 2018. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 13, 1161. 3. Jayawardena, R., Ranasinghe, P., Chathuranga, T., Atapattu, P. M., & Misra, A. (2018). The benefits of yoga practice compared to physical exercise in the management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 12(5), 795-805. 4. Alothman, S. A., Alghannam, A. F., Almasud, A. A., Altalhi, A. S., & Al-Hazzaa, H. M. (2021). Lifestyle behaviors trend and their relationship with fear level of COVID-19: Cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Plos one, 16(10), e0257904. 5. Cheema, S., Maisonneuve, P., Abraham, A., Chaabna, K., Yousuf, W., Mushannen, T., ... & Mamtani, R. (2021). Dietary patterns and associated lifestyle factors among university students in Qatar. Journal of American College Health, 1-9. 6. Awuchi, C. G., Echeta, C. K., & Igwe, V. S. (2020). Diabetes and the nutrition and diets for its prevention and treatment: a systematic review and dietetic perspective. Health Sciences Research, 6(1), 5-19. 7. Poznyak, A., Grechko, A. V., Poggio, P., Myasoedova, V. A., Alfieri, V., & Orekhov, A. N. (2020). The diabetes mellitus–atherosclerosis connection: The role of lipid and glucose metabolism and chronic inflammation. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(5), 1835. 8. Karras, S. N., Koufakis, T., Tsekmekidou, X., Antonopoulou, V., Zebekakis, P., & Kotsa, K. (2020). Increased parathyroid hormone is associated with higher fasting glucose in individuals with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism and prediabetes: a pilot study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 160, 107985. 9. Kaikini, A. A., Dhodi, D., Muke, S., Peshattiwar, V., Bagle, S., Korde, A., ... & Sathaye, S. (2020). Standardization of type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy models in rats: Assessment and characterization of metabolic features and renal injury. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences, 12(3), 295. 10. Zhao, Q., Li, L., Zhu, Y., Hou, D., Li, Y., Guo, X., ... & Gong, K. (2020). Kukoamine B ameliorate insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities in high-fat/high-fructose-fed rats. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy, 13, 1843. 11. Sarker, I. H., Faruque, M. F., Alqahtani, H., & Kalim, A. (2020). K-nearest neighbor learning based diabetes mellitus prediction and analysis for eHealth services. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems, 7(26), e4-e4. 12. Smokovski, I. (2021). Burden of diabetes prevalence. In Managing Diabetes in Low Income Countries (pp. 1-12). Springer, Cham. 13. Sun, Y., Ma, C., Sun, H., Wang, H., Peng, W., Zhou, Z., ... & He, X. (2020). Metabolism: a novel shared link between diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of diabetes research, 2020. 14. Ostman, C., Smart, N. A., Morcos, D., Duller, A., Ridley, W., & Jewiss, D. (2017). The effect of exercise training on clinical outcomes in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular diabetology, 16(1), 1-11. 15. Meex, R. C., Blaak, E. E., & van Loon, L. J. (2019). Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of both insulin resistance and muscle atrophy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Obesity Reviews, 20(9), 1205-1217. 16. Janssen, J. A. (2021). Hyperinsulinemia and its pivotal role in aging, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(15), 7797. 17. Moser, O., Riddell, M. C., Eckstein, M. L., Adolfsson, P., Rabasa-Lhoret, R., van den Boom, L., ... & Mader, J. K. (2020). Glucose management for exercise using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) systems in type 1 diabetes: position statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) endorsed by JDRF and supported by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Diabetologia, 63(12), 2501-2520. 18. Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J. K., Cypress, M., Funnell, M. M., Harms, D., Hess-Fischl, A., ... & Uelmen, S. (2020). Diabetes self-management education and support in adults with type 2 diabetes: a consensus report of the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of PAs, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, and the American Pharmacists Association. Diabetes Care, 43(7), 1636-1649. 19. Fleming, G. A., Petrie, J. R., Bergenstal, R. M., Holl, R. W., Peters, A. L., & Heinemann, L. (2020). Diabetes digital app technology: benefits, challenges, and recommendations. A consensus report by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Diabetes Technology Working Group. Diabetes care, 43(1), 250-260. 20. American Diabetes Association. (2020). 5. Facilitating behavior change and well-being to improve health outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020. Diabetes Care, 43(Supplement_1), S48-S65. 21. Fareed, M., Salam, N., Khoja, A. T., Mahmoud, A. M., & Ahamed, M. (2017). Life style related risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its increased prevalence in Saudi Arabia: A brief review. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 6(3), 125-132. 22. Zafar, A., Stone, M. A., Davies, M. J., & Khunti, K. (2015). Acknowledging and allocating responsibility for clinical inertia in the management of type 2 diabetes in primary care: a qualitative study. Diabetic Medicine, 32(3), 407-413. 23. Alshayban, D., & Joseph, R. (2020). Health-related quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. PloS one, 15(1), e0227573. 24. Sudharsanan, N., Bloom, D. E., & Sudharsanan, N. (2018, June). The demography of aging in low-and middle-income countries: chronological versus functional perspectives. In Future directions for the demography of aging: Proceedings of a workshop (pp. 309-338). 25. Alsomali, S. I. (2019). An investigation of self-care practice and social support of patients with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. University of Salford (United Kingdom). 26. Alanazi, F. K., Alotaibi, J. S., Paliadelis, P., Alqarawi, N., Alsharari, A., & Albagawi, B. (2018). Knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus and its risk factors in Saudi Arabia. Saudi medical journal, 39(10), 981. 27. Jalal, S. A. M., Alamri, R. I. A., & Albarakati, M. S. H. (2021). Diabetes Mellitus Knowledge and Awareness among Diabetic Secondary School Students at Makkah in Saudi Arabia 2021. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25(7), 115-137 28. Robert, A. A., Al-Dawish, A., Mujammami, M., & Dawish, M. A. A. (2018). Type 1 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia: a soaring epidemic. International journal of pediatrics, 2018. 29. Ellahham, S. (2020). Diabetes and its associated cardiovascular complications in the Arabian Gulf: challenges and opportunities. J Clin Exp Cardiol, 11, 1-5. 30. Bawazeer, N. M., Al-Qahtani, S. J., & Alzaben, A. S. (2021). The Association Between Dietary Patterns and Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Characteristics: A Sample of Saudi Arabia. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 9(3), 1046-1057. 31. Cheikh Ismail, L., Osaili, T. M., Mohamad, M. N., Al Marzouqi, A., Jarrar, A. H., Abu Jamous, D. O., ... & Al Dhaheri, A. S. (2020). Eating habits and lifestyle during COVID-19 lockdown in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 12(11), 3314. 32. Teufel, F., Geldsetzer, P., Sudharsanan, N., Subramanyam, M., Yapa, H. M., De Neve, J. W., ... & Bärnighausen, T. (2021). The effect of bearing and rearing a child on blood pressure: a nationally representative instrumental variable analysis of 444 611 mothers in India. International journal of epidemiology, 50(5), 1671-1683. 33. Alkhlaif, A. A., Alsuraimi, A. K., & Bawazir, A. A. (2020). Epidemiological profile of end-stage renal diseases in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Asian J Med Health, 8, 16-27. 34. Piercy, K. L., & Troiano, R. P. (2018). Physical activity guidelines for Americans from the US department of health and human services: Cardiovascular benefits and recommendations. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 11(11), e005263. 35. Ruth, K. S., Day, F. R., Tyrrell, J., Thompson, D. J., Wood, A. R., Mahajan, A., ... & Perry, J. R. (2020). Using human genetics to understand the disease impacts of testosterone in men and women. Nature medicine, 26(2), 252-258.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Copyright and Permission to Reproduce Parts of Published Papers.
Authors retain the copyright for their published work. No formal permission will be required to reproduce parts (tables or illustrations) of published papers, provided the source is quoted appropriately and reproduction has no commercial intent. Reproductions with commercial intent will require written permission and payment of royalties.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.