"CHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF HEAVY METAL IMMOBILIZATION IN CONTAMINATED SOILS USING ECO-FRIENDLY AMENDMENTS,”
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Keywords
Heavy Metal Immobilization, Eco-friendly Amendments, Soil Remediation
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals is a significant environmental concern, as it threatens ecosystems and human health. Traditional remediation methods are often costly and environmentally harmful. In recent years, eco-friendly amendments have emerged as a promising alternative for immobilizing heavy metals in contaminated soils. This review explores the chemical mechanisms, including adsorption, precipitation, and complexation, through which these amendments reduce the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals. Eco-friendly materials such as biochar, lime, phosphates, and organic matter have shown efficacy in mitigating metal contamination. Future research should focus on optimizing these techniques, understanding the long-term stability of immobilized metals, and scaling up their application for large-scale remediation. Collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and industries is key to promoting the adoption of these sustainable practices in soil management.
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