CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS FROM IRON ORE USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Main Article Content

Pratibha Gumastha, Naresh Chandra Deshmukh

Keywords

Chromatographic Separation, Rare Earth Elements (REEs), Process Optimization

Abstract

The extraction and separation of rare earth elements (REEs) from iron ores are critical for advancing the fields of materials science, electronics, and renewable energy technologies. In this paper, we explore the use of liquid chromatography (LC) for the separation of REEs from complex iron ore matrices. The chromatographic techniques are evaluated in terms of their ability to selectively separate rare earth elements from iron ore components, with a focus on optimizing conditions such as solvent systems, column types, and flow rates. The results demonstrate the feasibility of LC for the selective isolation of REEs, offering insights into the potential applications of this technique in resource recovery and waste treatment.

Downloads

References


1. Andersson, N., Knutson, H., Max-Hansen, M., Borg, N., & Nilsson, B. (2014). Model-Based Comparison of Batch and Continuous Preparative Chromatography in the Separation of Rare Earth Elements. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53, 16485-16493. https://doi.org/10.1021/IE5023223. 2. Aulis, R., et al. (1985). Determination of yttrium and selected rare earth elements in geological materials. Spectrochimica Acta Part B. 3. Braverman, D. S. (1992). Determination of rare-earth elements by liquid chromatography and ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry. 4. Braverman, D. S. (1992). Determination of REEs by HPLC/ICP-MS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 7, 43-46. 5. Campbell, D. O. (1973). Rapid rare earth separation by pressurized ion exchange chromatography. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 6. Cassidy, R. (1988). Determination of rare-earth elements in rocks by liquid chromatography. Chemical Geology, 67, 185-195. 7. Cassidy, R. (1988). Determination of rare-earth elements in rocks by liquid chromatography. Chemical Geology. 8. Cerrai, E., & Testa, C. (1962). Chromatographic separation of rare earths by HDEHP on paper. Journal of Chromatography. 9. Chen, B., et al. (2017). Chromatographic Techniques for Rare Earth Elements Analysis. Physical Sciences Reviews. 10. Chen, J. (2016). Application of Ionic Liquids on Rare Earth Green Separation. Application of Ionic Liquids. 11. Colim, A. N., do Nascimento, P. C., Wiethan, B. A., Adolfo, F. R., & Dresch, L. C. (2019). Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for REE determination in surface water. Chromatographia, 82, 843-856. 12. González, C. H., Cabezas, A. Q., & Díaz, M. F. (2005). Preconcentration and determination of rare-earth elements in iron-rich water samples by extraction chromatography and ICP-MS. Talanta, 68(1), 47-53. 13. Kamemoto, Y., et al. (1963). Separation of rare earth elements by focusing chromatography. Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan. 14. Kitazume, E., et al. (1991). Separation of rare earth elements by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Journal of Chromatography. 15. Knutson, H., et al. (2014). Experimental productivity rate optimization of rare earth element separation. Journal of Chromatography A. 16. Knutson, H., et al. (2015). Multi-objective optimization of chromatographic rare earth element separation. Journal of Chromatography A. 17. Knutson, H., Holmqvist, A., & Nilsson, B. (2015). Multi-objective optimization of chromatographic rare earth element separation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1416, 57-63. 18. Knutson, H., Max-Hansen, M., Jönsson, C., Borg, N., & Nilsson, B. (2014). Experimental productivity rate optimization of rare earth element separation through preparative solid phase extraction chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1348, 47-51. 19. Kostanyan, A., Belova, V., Tsareva, Y. V., & Petyaeva, M. M. (2023). Separation of REEs in multistage extraction columns: Experimental study and simulation. Processes. 20. Kostanyan, A., et al. (2023). Separation of Rare Earth Elements in Multistage Extraction Columns in Chromatography Mode. Processes. 21. Nakamura, S., et al. (1997). Enrichment separation of rare earth elements by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A. 22. Okamura, H., & Hirayama, N. (2020). Recent Progress in Ionic Liquid Extraction for the Separation of Rare Earth Elements. Analytical Sciences, 37, 119-130. https://doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20SAR11. 23. Pang, S. (1964). ON THE SEPARATION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS BY MEANS OF REVERSED-PHASE PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY II. THE HDEHP-OXALIC ACID SYSTEM. Acta Chimica Sinica. 24. Pierce, T. B., et al. (1963). Chromatographic separation of rare earths using HDEHP. Journal of Chromatography. 25. Qiu, L., et al. (2018). Application of a functionalized ionic liquid extractant in light rare earth separation. PLoS ONE. 26. Quinn, J., Soldenhoff, K., & Stevens, G. (2017). Solvent extraction of rare earth elements using a bifunctional ionic liquid. Part 2: Separation of rare earth elements.. Hydrometallurgy, 169, 621-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HYDROMET.2017.04.003. 27. Shuang, S. (2012). Application Progress of Chromatography in the Separation and Determination of Rare Earth Elements. Rock and Mineral Analysis. 28. Takeda, K., Akiyama, M., Kawakami, F., & Sasaki, M. (1986). Recovery of highly-purified rare earth elements using newly-synthesized chelating resins.. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 59, 2225-2232. https://doi.org/10.1246/BCSJ.59.2225. 29. Testa, C. (1962). Chromatographic separation of rare earths using tri-n-octylamine. Analytical Chemistry. 30. Tielrooy, J., et al. (1988). Determination of rare-earth elements by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta. 31. Tsakanika, L. V., Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou, M., & Mendrinos, L. (2004). REE separation from red mud using RP-HPLC. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 379, 796-802. 32. Verma, S., & Santoyo, E. (2007). High‐performance liquid and ion chromatography: Separation and quantification techniques for rare earth elements. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 31. 33. Verma, S., & Santoyo, E. (2007). High‐Performance Liquid and Ion Chromatography: Separation and Quantification Analytical Techniques for Rare Earth Elements. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research. 34. Winchester, J. W. (1963). Rare earth chromatography using bis-(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphoric acid. Journal of Chromatography. 35. Yoshida, K., & Haraguchi, H. (1984). Rare earth element determination by liquid chromatography/ICP-AES. Analytical Chemistry, 56, 2580-2585.