BIOREMEDIATION OF PESTICIDES AND PHARMACEUTICALS IN SOIL AND WATER: A REVIEW OF CURRENT STRATEGIES, MECHANISMS, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
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Abstract
The contamination of soil and water with pesticides and pharmaceuticals is an increasing global concern, owing to their persistence in the environment, potential bioaccumulation, and adverse effects on human health and ecosystems. Bioremediation, utilizing microorganisms, plants, and enzymes, offers a promising solution for the degradation and removal of these contaminants. This research paper provides an in-depth review of the bioremediation techniques employed for pesticide and pharmaceutical degradation in soil and water. It covers the mechanisms of action, factors influencing biodegradation, microbial and plant species involved, and the challenges and future directions of this field. Through a synthesis of current knowledge, this paper aims to highlight the potential of bioremediation as a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to conventional methods of environmental detoxification.
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